Abstract: A divergence operator to measure the texture content in a multi-spectral image is proposed. A multi-spectral image is modeled as an n-dimensional vector field, “n” being the number of bands of the image. A pixel of the image is an n-dimensional vector in this field. We demonstrate that the flux variations of the vector field are related to changes in texture in the image. A divergence operator measures the flux variation and hence, texture. In order to save computer memory, speed up the divergence operator calculation, and lessen the content of noise of the image, the principal components decomposition is applied to the bands of the image. The best three principal components are used to span the vector field. The partial derivatives involved in the divergence operator are written as weighted finite differences. To estimate these derivatives, cubes of three, five and seven voxels per side are considered. The cube is systematically displaced to cover the entire domain of the vector field. In each position of the cube, the divergence value is calculated using the weighted finite difference approximation. This value is written as a pixel in an output image file according to the cartesian coordinates defined by the location of the cube. This image file depicts the texture variations of the multi-spectral image. The relation: flux variation versus coarseness of texture is discussed. A detailed example, based on Landsat TM multi-spectral image, is presented and analyzed.

SESSION: Advances in Image Processing

Chair: Weili Jiao, Jorge Lira

Research On The Robust Estimation for The Image Geometric Correction	Weili Jiao, Xiupeng Jia, Guojin He, Wei Wang, Bo Cheng	541-219
Automatic Image to Map Registration Based on Genetic Algorithm	Farhad Samadzadegan, Sara Saeedi, Mohammad Hoseini	541-525
A Feature Based Generic Model for Georeferencing of High Resolution Satellite Imagery	Farhad Samadzadegan, Sara Saeedi, Tony Shenk	541-532
Detecting Oil Spills in the Offshore Nile Delta Coast Using Image Processing of ERS SAR Data	Ayman H. Nasr and Mahmoud H. Ahmed	541-104
Segmentation of urban built up area using Fisher discriminant analysis, intensity and vegetation strength of Landsat images	Jorge Lira and Lourdes Hidalgo	541-130
A study on urban growth, vegetation space variation and thermal environmental changes of Beijing city based on TM imagery data	Zhaoming Zhang, Guojin He	541-164

Sunday, December 17, 2006

SESSION: Remote Sensing Applications I

Chair: Anastasia Giannakoula, Athina Lazakidou

Camera-based Document Recognition Using Hierarchical Classifier	Kye Kyung Kim, Jin Ho Kim, In Ho Lee	541-407
Chilling injury induction and water deficiency is accompanied by changes on the photosynthetic apparatus and antioxidant response in primary Tagetes leaves	A. Giannakoula, I. Ilias, A. Papastergiou, A. Hatzigaidas	541-491
Artificial vision system for measuring waves level in a wave tank with a real time approach	Ibañez O., Rabuñal J.R., Castro A., Dorado J, Iglesias G., Pazos A.	541-209
Preparation of Liquefaction Potential Risk Maps Using Ordinary Kriging Method in Eskisehir	Hakan Uygucgil, Suheyla Yerel, Adnan Konuk	541-211
Satellite Remote Sensing for water quality assessment and monitoring-an overview on current concepts, deficits and future tasks	Diofantos Hadjimitsis, Leonidas Toulios, Marinos Hadjimitsis, Photos Vryonides, P. Papadopoulos, Chris Clayton, Athina Lazakidou	541-546
Water vapor mixing ratio used in lidar calibration technique	Daniela Viviana Vladutescu,Wu Yonghua, Leona Charles, Barry Gross,Fred Moshary, Samir Ahmed	541-351

Monday, December 18, 2006

SESSION: Remote Sensing Applications II

Chair: Kamaruzaman Jusoff, Farhad Samadzadegan

Soil Nutrient Varibility Mapping in UiTM Research Station, Arau, Perlis Using Landsat TM and Geostatistical Analysis	Malek Mohd Yusoff, Kamaruzaman Jusoff and Mohd Hasmadi Ismail	541-266
A Hybrid Fusion Strategy for Spatial Change Detection	Farhad Samadzadegan, Ahmad Abootalebi, Mana Nikfal	541-531
Estimating Forest Area Using Remote Sensing and Regression Estimator	Mohd Hasmadi Ismail and Kamaruzaman Jusoff	541-264
Spatial and Temporal Variations of the Obtained Database of Environment Pollutant using GIS and Remote Sensing -A case study of Metropolitan City of India.	Lakshmi Vyas, Tapoti Mukhopadyay	541-096